In economic terms, what happens during a contraction?

During a contraction, economic growth slows down, which is a defining characteristic of this phase in the economic cycle. Contractions are often marked by a decrease in consumer and business confidence, leading to reduced spending and investment. This can result in a decline in GDP, indicating that the economy is shrinking rather than expanding.

Slowing economic growth typically leads to decreased business revenues and profits, which subsequently impacts employment, causing companies to reconsider hiring and even reduce their workforce. This contrasts with the other choices where consumer spending, investment rates, and employment rates would typically rise during periods of economic expansion rather than contraction. Thus, option A accurately captures the essence of what occurs during an economic contraction.